老托福真题详解02
1.Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people __________long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A)will they live
(B)they will be living
(C)will live
(D)living
2. __________that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
(A)Anthropologists have discovered
(B)Anthropologists discovering
(C)The discovery by anthropologists
(D)Discovered by anthropologists
3.In 1964__________of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
(A)was a major collection
(B)that a major collection
(C)a collection was major
(D)a major collection
4. __________irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(A)Its
(B)Where its
(C)Since its
(D)Because of its
5.In order to remain in existence,__________must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
(A)a profit-making organization
(B)a profit-making organization which
(C)therefore a profit-making organization
(D)whichever a profit-making organization
参考答案：
1.Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people __________long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A)will they live
(B)they will be living
(C)will live
(D)living
答案：C
句子成分题。标黄部分（how many people）为主语，空格处需填入谓语动词，标绿部分（to see it return in the twenty-first century）为目的状语。
词汇是 how many people，特殊疑问词引导的主语，句子缺少谓语。看选项，
C. will live正 确，一般将来时 will + 动词原形构成谓语，符合 “在二十一世纪返回” 的将来时间语境。
A.will they live 错误，they 多余，特殊疑问句中主语 how many people 后直接接谓语，无需重复主语。
B. they will be living 错误，they 多余且将来进行时不符合此处 “是否能活到” 的简单将来含义。
D. living 错误，现在分词不能单独作谓语。本题考查特殊疑问句的主谓结构，需用 “疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形” 的语序。
2. __________that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
(A)Anthropologists have discovered
(B)Anthropologists discovering
(C)The discovery by anthropologists
(D)Discovered by anthropologists
答案：A
句子成分题。空格处需填入句子主干（主谓结构），标黄部分（that fear...facial expressions）为宾语从句。词汇是 that，引导名词性从句作宾语，句子缺少主语和谓语。看选项，
A. Anthropologists have discovered 正确，Anthropologists（人类学家）作主语，have discovered（已经发现）作谓语，构成现在完成时的完整主句。
B. Anthropologists discovering 错误，discovering 为现在分词，无法单独作谓语。
C. The discovery by anthropologists 错误，名词短语作主语时，缺少谓语动词。
D. Discovered by anthropologists 错误，过去分词短语置于句首构成被动语态，但主句缺少主语。本题考查句子基本结构，需补充 “主语 + 谓语” 的完整主句来引导宾语从句。
3.In 1964__________of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
(A)was a major collection
(B)that a major collection
(C)a collection was major
(D)a major collection
答案：D
句子成分题。标黄部分（In 1964）为时间状语，空格处需填入主语，标紫部分（of Henry Ossawa Tanner's paintings）为定语，标红部分（was shown）为谓语，标绿部分（at the Smithsonian Institution）为地点状语。
词汇是 was shown，被动语态的谓语动词，句子缺少主语中心语。看选项，
D. a major collection 正确，a major collection（一个重要的藏品）作主语，of...paintings 作后置定语修饰 collection。
A. was a major collection 错误，谓语动词重复（句中已有 was shown）。
B. that a major collection 错误，that 引导从句但主句缺少谓语。
C. a collection was major 错误，主系表结构与原句被动语态谓语冲突。本题考查句子主语的完整性，需填入名词短语作主语。
4. __________irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(A)Its
(B)Where its
(C)Since its
(D)Because of its
答案：D
句子成分题。空格处需填入表原因的介词短语，标黄部分（irritating effect on humans）为名词短语，标紫部分（the use of phenol as a general antiseptic）为主语，标绿部分（has been largely discontinued）为谓语。
词汇是 has been discontinued，现在完成时的被动语态谓语，句子需要说明 “停用苯酚” 的原因。看选项，
D. Because of its 正确，Because of（因为）是介词短语，后接名词短语 its irritating effect（它的刺激性作用），构成原因状语，符合逻辑。
A. Its 错误，仅代词 + 名词短语无法连接前后句，缺少逻辑关系词。
B. Where its 错误，Where 引导地点状语从句，与 “刺激性作用” 的原因语境不符。
C. Since its 错误，Since 作连词时需接从句（主谓结构），而此处后接名词短语，语法不匹配。本题考查原因状语的表达，需用介词短语 Because of + 名词短语表示原因。
5.In order to remain in existence,__________must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
(A)a profit-making organization
(B)a profit-making organization which
(C)therefore a profit-making organization
(D)whichever a profit-making organization
答案：A
句子成分题。标黄部分（In order to remain in existence）为目的状语，空格处需填入主语，标紫部分（must...produce）为谓语，标绿部分（something consumers consider useful or desirable）为宾语及定语从句。
词汇是 must produce，情态动词 + 动词原形构成的谓语，句子缺少主语。看选项，
A. a profit-making organization 正确，a profit-making organization（一个营利性组织）作主语，符合 “主谓结构” 的基本要求。
B. a profit-making organization which 错误，which 引导定语从句但未完成从句结构，导致主句缺少谓语对应的完整主语。
C. therefore a profit-making organization 错误，therefore 是副词，不能连接主语，且语法上主语前无需加副词。
D. whichever a profit-making organization 错误，whichever 是连接代词，需引导从句，而此处需直接填入名词短语作主语，语法不匹配。本题考查句子主语的完整性，需填入名词短语作主语以构成 “主语 + 谓语” 的完整结构。
