老托福真题详解01
1.The flexibility of film allows the artist __________ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
(A)to bring
(B)bringing
(C)is brought
(D)brings
2.Traditionally, __________in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
(A)when served is sweet cider
(B)when sweet cider is served
(C)is served sweet cider
(D)sweet cider is served
3.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________, or pronghorn.
(A)it is the American antelope
(B)the American antelope is
(C)is the American antelope
(D)the American antelope
4.Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse and __________, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.
(A)reforming society
(B)social reformer
(C)who reformed society
(D)her social reform
5.Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae __________ harming fish or aquatic invertebrates.
(A)does not
(B)but does no
(C)except
(D)without
参考答案：
1.The flexibility of film allows the artist __________ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
(A)to bring
(B) bringing
(C) is brought
(D)brings
答案：A
句子成分题。标黄部分（The flexibility of film）为主语，标紫部分（allows）为谓语，标绿部分（the artist）为宾语，空格后内容为宾语补足语。
词汇是 allow，动词，allow sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意思是允许某人做某事。看选项，A. to bring 正确，符合固定搭配要求。B. bringing 错误，动名词形式不符合 allow 的用法。C. is brought 错误，被动语态结构，与句子主动语境不符。D. brings 错误，动词第三人称单数形式导致双谓语语法错误。本题考查 allow 的固定搭配，需用不定式作宾补。
2.Traditionally, __________in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
(A)when served is sweet cider
(B)when sweet cider is served
(C)is served sweet cider
(D)sweet cider is served
答案：D
句子成分题。标黄部分（Traditionally）为状语，空格处需填入句子主干（主谓结构），标绿部分（in New England on Thanksgiving Day）为地点和时间状语。
词汇是 Traditionally，副词，句子缺少主语和谓语。看选项，D. sweet cider is served 正确，sweet cider（甜苹果酒）作主语，is served（被供应）作谓语，构成被动语态的完整句子。A. when served is sweet cider 错误，when 引导从句但主句缺少谓语。B. when sweet cider is served 错误，仅为从句结构，无主句。C. is served sweet cider 错误，倒装结构不适用，正常语序应为 sweet cider is served。本题考查句子基本结构，需补充完整的主谓部分。
3.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________, or pronghorn.
(A)it is the American antelope
(B)the American antelope is
(C)is the American antelope
(D)the American antelope
答案：C
句子成分题。标黄部分（Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent）为表语前置，空格处需填入主谓结构，标绿部分（or pronghorn）为同位语。
词汇是 Typical，形容词，置于句首构成倒装句，正常语序应为 “The American antelope is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent”。看选项，C. is the American antelope 正确，倒装结构中谓语 is 置于主语前，符合语法规则。A. it is the American antelope 错误，it 多余，导致句子结构重复。B. the American antelope is 错误，正常语序不适用于表语前置的倒装句。D. the American antelope 错误，仅为主语，缺少谓语动词。本题考查表语前置的倒装句结构，需将谓语动词置于主语前。
4.Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse and __________, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.
(A)reforming society
(B)social reformer
(C)who reformed society
(D)her social reform
答案：B
句子成分题。标黄部分（Lillian D. Wald）为主语，标紫部分（public health nurse and __________）为同位语，标绿部分（was born）为谓语，标红部分（in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867）为地点和时间状语。
词汇是 and，并列连词，连接两个结构相同的名词短语作同位语。public health nurse（公共卫生护士）是名词短语，空格处需填入同类名词短语。看选项，B. social reformer（社会改革家）正确，与 public health nurse 构成并列同位语。A. reforming society 错误，现在分词短语无法与名词短语并列。C. who reformed society 错误，定语从句结构不与名词短语并列。D. her social reform 错误，物主代词 + 名词结构与同位语逻辑不符。本题考查并列结构，需保持同位语的词性和语法功能一致。
5.Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae __________ harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
(A)does not
(B)but does no
(C)except
(D)without
答案：D
句子成分题。标黄部分（Copper sulfate）为主语，标紫部分（spread in judicious amounts）为插入语，标绿部分（kills algae）为谓语和宾语，空格后（harming fish or aquatic invertebrates）为伴随状语。
词汇是 kills，谓语动词，空格处需填入介词连接动名词短语作方式状语。看选项，D. without 正确，without harming（不伤害）构成介词短语，说明 “杀死藻类” 的同时 “不伤害鱼类”，符合逻辑。A. does not 错误，后接动词原形，而 harming 是动名词，语法不符。B. but does no 错误，no 后需接名词，且 but 连接并列谓语时结构不完整。C. except 错误，except 后接名词或从句，不直接接动名词。本题考查介词用法，需用 without + 动名词表示 “不伴随某种动作”。
